JAPAN TODAY



 

Bento, boxed lunches, are practically a symbol of Japanese cuisine itself. A self-contained meal of rice and a number of meat, fish, or vegetable side dishes, they’re a quick and convenient way to get a balanced meal, easily portable back to your office or home, and their packaging means you can even set the box down on your lap and eat it on a park bench if you don’t have access to a table or desk when you’re hungry.

However, these are tough times for bento shops. According to business research organization Teikoku Databank, 22 bento shops filed for bankruptcy between January and May of this year.

Not only is that more than the same period for 2024, if this pace keeps up for the rest of the year it’ll be the highest annual number of bento shop bankruptcies Teikoku Databank, whose figures go back to 2010, has ever observed.

So what’s causing this? The researchers offer a few different explanations. Large orders of premium-priced bento for events such as business meetings, weddings, and funerals are down, but that’s really more of a gradual societal trend away from serving fancy bento at such gatherings.

People working from home also means less demand from office workers buying bento as an alternative to waiting for a seat at crowded business district restaurants during the lunch rush, but that wouldn’t explain why we’re seeing more bento shop bankruptcies in 2025 than we did during the pandemic, when even more people were teleworking.

So really, it would seem that the biggest factor that Teikoku Databank mentions is rising costs for ingredients, especially rice. While bento can have all sorts of different side dishes, rice is the one common element they all have. If you’ve got no rice, you’ve got no bento, and with Japan currently grappling with the most sudden rice price increases in a generation, it’s having a major effect on bento bottom lines.

What makes the situation especially difficult is that even though bento are widely liked in Japan, most of them aren’t necessarily loved. While special regional bento, sometimes with higher price tags, are popular with travelers as a novelty or special-occasion meal, when it comes to ordinary, everyday bento, you won’t find nearly as many passionate fans as you will for things like ramen or beef bowls.

Convenience and affordability are often the bigger parts of bento’s appeal for would-be regular customers, so passing on increased ingredient costs as higher bento prices can erode demand, since there might not be such strong loyalty to how the food tastes, even if it does taste pretty good.

That’s putting bento shops in a situation similar to the one being faced by Japan’s biggest curry rice restaurant chain. Their food hasn’t traditionally been seen as a premium product, so if they raise their prices very much a significant number of customers are likely to say “Eh, in that case I’ll pass,” but keeping their prices low is making it difficult for many bento shops to make a profit.

That doesn’t mean it’s bad news all around for bento shops, however. According to Teikoku Databank’s researchers, 45 percent of bento shops had an increase to their profits in 2024. However, 30.2 percent saw their profits shrink, and 21.7 percent were operating in the red.

Contributing to this feast-or-famine status is that larger bento shop chains are in a better position to manage their inventories to reduce losses from unsold bento or diversify their sales networks to tap into more pools of demand.

Those are more difficult for smaller local bento shops to do, though, and so they’re the ones who’re facing the most danger in Japan’s new dining landscape.